Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome characterized by elevated blood glucose (hyperglycemia) and metabolic imbalance.
The hormone called insulin allows the body's cells to use glucose as a source of energy. When insulin secretion is insufficient or when insulin does not fulfill its role in the body, the condition is called diabetes. Diabetes can be kept under control by careful diet and weight monitoring and by exercise as a supplement to medical treatment.
All types of diabetes have similar symptoms and complications. Hyperglycaemia can lead to dehydration, and uncorrected for a period of weeks or months, to ketoacidosis. Long-term complications ("tardive") are vascular and neurological. Vascular problems are of two types: macrovascular and microvascular; macrovascular ones are cardiovascular disease (stroke, angina) and stroke (stroke); microvascular problems are diabetic nephropathy (serious kidney disease) and diabetic retinopathy (a problem that involves a continuous and sometimes brutal retinal impairment, which can lead to blindness). Microvascular nature is also the impotence caused by uncontrolled diabetes, as well as some of the problems of the diabetic foot, which is manifested by a lethargic wound healing on the extremities, repeated and difficult to treat infections, amputation risk gangrene, etc. Another category of late complications of diabetes is neurological, diabetic neuropathy. This is manifested by the loss of sensation, sensation, in the lower limbs (feet) and neuropathic pain (sensations of pain, burning, standing, without immediate external causes); Neurological complications also have, at least in part, a microvascular etiology.
Nutrition is the science that interprets the interactions between nutrients and other substances in food (eg phytonutrients, anthocyanins, tannins, etc.) in relation to the maintenance, development, reproduction, health and disease state of an organism. Includes food intake, absorption, digestion, biosynthesis, catabolism and excretion.
The diet of a body is what it eats, which is largely determined by the availability, processing and palatability of food. A healthy diet includes food preparation and storage methods that protect against nutrient oxidation, heat or percolating, and reduce the risk of food poisoning.
Registered dietitian nutritionists are qualified health professionals to provide safe, evidence-based dietary advice including analysis of what is eaten, detailed nutritional health analysis, and a personalized nutritional treatment plan. Also, dietitians provide prevention and treatment programs at jobs, schools, and similar institutions. Registered dietitians are health professionals who also provide dietary advice on the role of nutrition in chronic diseases, including possible prevention or remedy by addressing nutritional deficiencies prior to drug use.
An inadequate diet can have a detrimental impact on health, causing ill-health such as blindness, anemia, scurvy, premature birth, dead fetus and cretinism; conditions that put health at risk such as obesity and metabolic syndrome, as well as common chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis.